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Information
One of the most significant sources
of daily hardship and grief that the world's people presently
face is contaminated water. The need to disinfect water in
the world is indisputable.
Consider that waterborne diseases
are the cause of approximately:
Half of all deaths of children in the developing world;
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4.6
million deaths among children and adults;
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80%
of all illnesses in the developing world;
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One
billion cases of illness at any one time;
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50%
of all hospitalizations.
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Some of the major health symptoms
associated with drinking contaminated water include: skin
rashes, vomiting, headaches, breathing difficulties, blindness,
stomach and intestinal pain, chronic dysentery (diarrhea)
and lesions of internal organs.
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The
continued exponential growth in human population has created
a corresponding increase in the demand for the Earth's
limited supply of freshwater.
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Thus,
protecting the integrity of our water resources is one
of the most essential environmental issues of the 21st
century.
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Recent
decades have brought increasing concerns for potential
adverse human and ecological health effects resulting
from the production, use, and disposal of numerous chemicals
that offer improvements in industry, agriculture, medical
treat ment, and even common household conveniences.
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Research
has shown that many such compounds can enter the environment,
disperse, and persist to a greater extent than first anticipated.
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Some
compounds, such as pesticides, are intentionally released
in measured applications. Others, such as industrial byproducts,
are released through regulated and unregulated industrial
discharges to water and air resources.
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Household
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other consumables as well
as biogenic hormones are released directly to the environment
after passing through wastewater treatment processes (via
wastewater treatment plants, or domestic septic systems),
which often are not designed to remove them from the effluent.
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Veterinary
pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations may
be released to the environment with animal wastes through
overflow or leakage from storage structures or land application.
As a result, there are a wide variety of transport pathways
for many different chemicals to enter and persist in environmental
waters.
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